ngoại trừ

Tất cả học sinh đều có mặt, ngoại trừ một bạn.

Definition

1. Preposition:

   • Except for / With the exception of: Used to introduce the only thing or person that is not included in a general statement.
   • Excluding / Barring: Used to specify someone or something that is left out or not considered.

2. Conjunction:

   • Unless / Except if: Used to introduce the only situation in which a statement is not true.

Usage Examples

• Preposition:

  • Mọi người đều đồng ý, ngoại trừ anh ấy. (Everyone agreed, except for him.)
  • Cửa hàng mở cửa mọi ngày, ngoại trừ Chủ nhật. (The shop is open every day, excluding Sunday.)

• Conjunction:

  • Tôi sẽ đi, ngoại trừ trời mưa. (I will go, unless it rains.)

Advanced Usage

• "ngoại trừ phi" / "ngoại trừ khi": These are more formal or explicit conjunctions meaning "except if" or "unless."
  • Chúng tôi sẽ tiến hành, ngoại trừ phi có chỉ thị mới. (We will proceed, unless there is a new directive.)

Variants and Related Words

• Trừ (preposition/conjunction): Except, but. A more common and slightly less formal synonym.

  • Tôi thích tất cả các môn thể thao, trừ bóng chày. (I like all sports except baseball.)

• Trừ phi (conjunction): Unless. A common conjunction.

  • Tôi không đi trừ phi bạn đi cùng. (I won't go unless you go with me.)

Synonyms

• Except for: Not including.
• Excluding: Leaving out.
• Unless: Except on the condition that.
• Save for (formal): With the exception of.

Related Idioms and Phrases

• Ngoại trừ ra: An emphatic form meaning "except for" or "apart from." It reinforces the exclusion.
  • Căn phòng trống trơn, ngoại trừ ra một chiếc bàn. (The room was empty, apart from a single table.)